Classical Greece and Sparta

• Primary Source Analysis

Document: Thucydides on Athens

Author – Who created this? What do we know about the author? What might influence their opinions?	Pericles, who was a young noble that had power in Athenian politics and society
Place – Where and when was it created -	Greece431-430 B.C.E for funeral speech460s-420s B.C.E when Athens was at its height
Prior Knowledge What do we know about where this was created? What have we learned about this topic? Society that may be relevant?	Greece and China had traded with each other with the silk road
Audience Who is the intended audience? How might they receive this? – quotes to support your claims?	The intended audience for this was for the people of state and the people of the government. The document would go “Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a model for others than imitators ourselves” By using, our and we it refers back to the political people and the people of the society.
Reason for Creation What is the purpose of this document? Read between the lines, support claims with a quote	The reason for creation is to declare how living in a democratic society benefits the people and that it would open opportunities for them. “this is why it is called a democracy. If we look at the laws, they afford equal justice to all in settling private differences. As for prestige, advancement in public life goes to men with reputations for ability “
The Main Idea Support with quotes	The main idea of this is that living in a democratic system benefits the society of Athens. The people would not look bad upon the people of lower class but to help them. Living here would allow the people to be educated. "In generosity we are equally singular, acquiring our friends by conferring”
Significance How does this relate to the big picture? What can it tell us as historians? Relate to ESPIRIT if possible	This relates to the bigger picture because even though most classical civilizations were usually based on religion and tyranny in Athens the political structure was democratic. It tells how other countries could sometimes not affect the way of their life.

Primary Source Analysis
Document: Plutarch on Life in Sparta

Author – Who created this? What do we know about the author? What might influence their opinions?	Plato, senate and part of the Concil of Elders Greek historian, travel in the Merriterian, uplifts oberservations Plutarah - optimist greek historian borned near Cornith
Place – Where and when was it created -	Southern Greece, Sparta 5 B.C.E
Prior Knowledge What do we know about where this was created? What have we learned about this topic? Society that may be relevant?	Sparta was a great rival to the people in Athens Constant outside invasions with Athens fight on large scales between Athens far apart in values with Athens even though their location was so close lived in city states celebrate new level of idea of democracy and military culture is built off war women is trained to give birth to strong babies
Audience Who is the intended audience? How might they receive this? – quotes to support your claims?	The intended audience was for the council and/or the government to overthrow Lycurgus and stop the mess he made. People wanted to know the great history of Sparta and their accomplishements. Information about Lycurgus For anyone to read to inform others, facts “he introduced his third and most exquisite political device, namely, the institution of common messes”
Reason for Creation What is the purpose of this document? Read between the lines, support claims with a quote	The reason for creation is to stop what Lycurgus and how to created a fighting civilizations. People would be put into the military to train basically all their life and Plato wanted to end it. The document was to show that the civilization did not want to encourage tyranny and a fair government. * equal voting Inform others of sparta life, show the outside world why the spartans believe what they thought was justified “ No man was allowed to live as he pleased, but in their city, as in a military encampment, they always had a prescribed regimen and employment in public service, considering that they belonged entirely to their country and not to themselves.”
The Main Idea Support with quotes	The main idea of this is that Plato, part of the council wants to end Lycurgus ways. He had women to be in force marriage and little boys to be raised in the ways of fighting. Also he took away any type of arts that was useless to the society. * the document was about how the goverenment and the political system show the way to become equal with the world, destroying luxary arts show the downfall of the spartan life “In the next place, he banished the unnecessary and superfluous arts”
Significance How does this relate to the big picture? What can it tell us as historians? Relate to ESPIRIT if possible	The significance of this document is that during the time people devoted themselves to fighting and battling when some people(council) believed that they could live a better life where people would actually enjoy it. As children grow, encourage miltary fighting to support their country at a young age to stop any evil coming in.

*edited with Shirley Wong, Carolyn Lam, Malorie Macdonald


Comparison of Sparta and Greece
Sparta

• did not enjoy the arts
• always focused on fighting and battling
• wanted people to devote their life to fighting
• common language, Ancient Greek
  

• women actually had rights, more freedom

Greece

• Arts to religion
• centralized government of democracy
• strong relationship between people and nature
• common language, Ancient Greek

During the classical period where Sparta and Greece were neighboring civilizations, the values in their life were different, such as devoting their time to arts or fighting, or having similar types of ruling systems, however both civilizations had a common language.
http://www.ancient-greece.org/culture.html

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070329033544AAYu9ZV

Documentary Notes:



Explain the key facors in the development of Athens

The key factors that led to the devolopement of Athens were the influencial events of the tyranny

Pisistratus, heroic stories written by Homer, and international trade.

• geographic location
• differnent social class

Rome ESPIRT


ESPI



Comparison between Rome and Greece Rome and Greece were neighboring classical civilizations that were similar in religion, culture and economy. Both civilizations, had similar beliefs in Gods and Goddess, based on people who would regulate human life. Rome and Greece would have Gods like Zeus or Jupiter, both represented as the head God. Different gods and goddesses would represent love, hunting, etc. In the culture of the two, literary writing became popular to people that it influences people with their ideas and beliefs. People in Greece, were influenced by epic poems the Iliad and Odyssey influenced a leader to what he should believe. As for Rome, people began to write to emphasize the richness of the Latin language. The economy of Rome and Greece were based on farming and trading around the Mediterranean. People in the middle to lower class would work on farms that benefit both the higher class and lower class. While in Rome, grain trading was a main export and olives and grapes in Greece. Two different civilizations have their similarities in religion, culture, and economy.
Han China vs Rome





Key Terms

Cyrus the Great	At the start of 550 B.C.E Cyrus created the Persian Empire from northern Middle East to northwestern India. In Persia, people developed their own unique culture, and advanced in iron technology.
Zoroastrianism	The new religion developed in Persia where their beliefs were highly based on their artistic styles.
Olympic Games	Greek would hold competitions every 4 years to compete against their athletic abilities. Having the Olympic games is a highlight to a tourist.
Pericles	Aristocrat, who was a strong politician who help refrained the different views in expansion to benefit the economy. He would rule by influence and negotiation in city states that people would select the different laws to pass. Thus in Greek they were living in a democratic political structure.
Peloponnesian Wars	(431-404 B.C.E) War between Greek and Sparta to conquer land causing political decline in Greece. The war allow Greece to spread in important places around the Mediterranean.
Hellenistic Period	Greeks know as Hellenes, bloom in culture and art under the aegis. Except political power was low at the time but trade became highly important to the economy. Around the Mediterranean, trading ports were created like city Alexandria, Egypt. It was the period of political decline.
Roman republic	Beginning of 509 B.C.E, the people of Rome lived under a political structure where there was a group of people to handle laws and the city. The legislative body, Senate and the two consuls, all share high power in controlling the city-states. However, the citizens of Rome were able to gather around and vote to elect members of the legislative body.
Punic Wars	(264 – 146 B.C.E) The roman conquest to gain more land through military attacks. One major defeat to the Romans were in the city of Carthage. The general Hannibal protect the people of Carthage in a bloody fight against the Romans. Instead, Romans did not stop and destroyed any change of agricultural life there and won their defeat.
Julius Caesar	Took power in Rome after the victory of civil war between two generals in 45 B.C.E. However he was assassinated by his own senate, because they believed that Julius Caesar was gaining to much power. After his assassination, his nephew, Augustus Caesar took power in 27 B.C.E., and he created a structure for the Roman Empire.
Direct democracy	In Greece, people lived in democracy where every 10 days there was an assembly. People like the executive officers, judges all had power but only for a period of time. The people with power are to be elected by the people and not chosen to serve. At the time, women and slaves had no political power.

Summary:

Around the Mediterranean, civilizations sprung up: Persian, Greece, Roman, and Sparta. The Persians spread from northern middle east to northwestern India under the rule of Cyrus the great by 550 B.C.E. People there had their own civilization, Zoroastrian with their beliefs portrayed in different types of arts. In Greece people live in democracy after a long run of tyranny and constant violence. In their direct democracy, there would be assemblies with strong political figures voted by the citizens. However the political figure's control only goes for a period time to prevent any tyranny. Greece and a neighboring civilization, Sparta were rivals and were usually fighting. Sparta was based on a military life were people were training and thought to believe that fighting was their life. During the Hellenistic period, culture and arts bloom in Greece, but there was a political decline.
Rome, another neighboring civilization, also lived in democracy were people would vote and decided instead of having absolute power. Cicero was a consul and active senator that wrote about the political interests around the Mediterranean. Julius Caesar, was a strong political figure that took over the Roman Empire but was assassinated by the senate. In Rome, expanding land was important because during the Punic Wars, there was great conquest for land. Roman culture grew with technology and learning. Although Romans were enriched with their learning, the Greek literature influence people such as the Iliad and the Odyssey, epic poems on Heroes. Economy in Greece and Roman were highly based on trade where they could trade around the Mediterranean. Trading grapes, olives, and grain, were highly important to the economy and it made merchants higher on the social class. Together the Romans and Greeks blended with their culture and lifestyle. The two different civilizations blended together with trade internationally, to create their own, different civilization.